Wednesday, October 14, 2015

Sustainable Cities


Paradigms for the Anthropocene: An Example

            The Social Good Summit included concern that silos of traditional institutional mechanisms might hinder needed progress toward sustainability. Sustainable cities will pose new puzzles to solve for the water-energy-food nexus. Are solutions resilient, moving toward zero waste, renewable?

            A wastewater treatment plant produces residuals from primary treatment of suspended solids and secondary treatment of dissolved solids. Suspended solids settle out and dissolved solids become food for microorganisms aided by oxygen pumped into the secondary treatment basins. Clumps of such well-fed microorganisms then settle out as residuals. In the old days, residuals might be loaded onto a barge at the riverside where the plant was located and hauled out into the ocean for disposal. Now residuals may be fed into a digester which produces biogas. This biogas can then become electricity  or compressed natural gas as fuel for truck fleets.

            For the United States nationally, our over 3,000 wastewater treatment plants use about 3% of electricity generated in the US, mostly for the motors that pump oxygen into secondary treatment basins. Food waste is the largest segment of the solid waste stream still going to landfill where it generates fugitive emissions of methane, a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Adding food waste to the digesters increases biogas generation which could then generate about 6% of the electricity needed in the US. This would be an increase of 50% in electricity generation from renewable fuels which is now at 12%. Huge.

            Existing institutional arrangements include solid waste management, wastewater treatment, and electric power generation. This example combines these well established activities into one operation which produces renewable, off-grid, resilient energy while reducing methane emissions from landfills. If the grid goes down, the microorganisms keep on eating! Resilient, sustainable solutions!             Sustainable Cities

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